对于电子产品的初学者，微处理器和微控制器may seem to be perplexing. Both of them have been designed for real-time applications and they share many common features while at the same time they have significant differences. Both the IC’s – i.e., the microprocessor and microcontroller cannot be distinguished by looking at them, however, if one understands their hardware and architecture they can be easily told apart.
Let’s get an understanding of how these two differ and talk about their features to get a better idea.
微处理器与微控制器
| 微处理器 |
Microcontroller |
| IC of a microprocessor only has a CPU inside it. | 微控制器的IC也有CPU，RAM，ROM和其他外围设备。 |
| 这是计算机系统的核心。 | It is the heart of the embedded system. |
| 内存和输入输出组件在此处连接。 | Memory and Input-Output components are present internally here. |
| It is a processor. | It is a controlling device. |
| They are used by the users for general-purpose tasks. | They are used for application-specific tasks. |
| Cannot be used in a compact system | Can be used in a compact system |
| 微处理器效率低下 | 微控制器比微处理器更有效。 |
| 它非常笨重。 | It is compact. |
| 这里大多数操作都是基于内存的内存，因为微处理器具有较少数量的寄存器。 | It is easier to write a program here as more number of registers are available. |
| The overall cost of a microprocessor is high due to external requirements. | Microcontrollers- designed by using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. They are thus far cheaper than microprocessors. |
| 它具有零状态标志。 | 它没有零状态标志。 |
| Popular microprocessors are Intel core i7, AMD Athlon, Broadcom BCM2711 (Raspberry Pi). | Some popular microcontrollers are ATmega328 (Arduino UNO), STM32, PIC16F877A, AVR. |
| 微处理器s are always preferred for complex tasks | Tasks performed by microcontrollers are less complex |
| 处理速度为1GHz。 | Processing speed of 8 MHz to 50 MHz |
| Along with external devices that are connected, microprocessors generally there is no power saving system so they tend to use more power. | 微控制器具有省电系统，因此它们使用较少的功率。 |
| 它们基于哈佛架构。 | 它们基于von neumann模型。 |
| Can be used in personal computers. | 可用于洗衣机，空调等。 |
什么是微处理器？
微处理器还称为计算机系统的心脏是IC，旨在执行通用数字计算。它没有RAM，ROM和芯片上的其他外设，从而取决于外部外围设备和电路工作。微处理器基于von Neumann模型，其中程序和数据存储在相同的存储器模块中，并且与微控制器相比微处理器的时钟速度非常高。
它是一个微机控制单元d performs Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) operations along with communicating with the other devices connected with it. It is fast and used where tasks are complex and tricky like the development of software, games, PC and other applications. Here they require high memory and input and output are not defined. It can execute several tasks at a time and is generally used where intensive processing is required.
这里任务不是固定的，它取决于用户，因此可以一次分配给任何任务。
There are 3 types of microprocessors- 8 bit, 16 bit and 32 bit. Considering the ALU of the microprocessor is operating on 8-bit data in one cycle then it will be an 8-bit microprocessor and so on respectively.
What is microcontroller?
The microcontroller is just as its name read, a small computer on a chip used to control devices. They are generally used in places where direct control by the user is necessary. It is optimized in such a way that it can be used to control automated electronic devices and is dedicated to performing a particular task and executing one specific application at a time.
它包含用于执行各种任务的处理器核心，ROM，RAM和I / O引脚，并被称为嵌入式系统的核心。它被调用，以便微控制器不需要任何外部电路来执行其任务，因为所需的所有组件已经存在于单个芯片上。这使得它在嵌入式系统中非常受欢迎。
As the technology of microcontroller advances, many new features are added on the chip day by day. One must understand their requirements and the services provided by the respective microcontrollers to decide which will be the best suited.
Author
Shriya Upasani
MIT World Peace大学
